Category Society

Algerian society is shaped by a history of conquest and resistance, independence and reinvention. Understanding Algeria means understanding the forces—colonial, religious, economic, and social—that have moulded its people.

Here we explore the figures who defined the nation, the institutions that govern, and the questions of identity that Algerians continue to navigate.

19th-century painting of Lalla Fatma N’Soumer and Chérif Boubaghla riding with an armed group on horseback as they cross a river, with flags raised behind them.

Lalla Fatma N’Soumer: The Defiant Saint of Djurdjura

In the mountainous heart of 19th-century Kabylia, when French colonial forces sought to subdue Algeria’s Amazigh (Berber) heartland, an extraordinary woman emerged who would challenge both imperial conquest and patriarchal tradition. Lalla Fatma N’Soumer (from Soumer), born around 1830, became…